Let’s start:- Active passive voice Past tense
4. Past Indefinite Voice
Rules in active/passive voice
| Active voice | Passive voice |
| Sub + v2 +obj | Obj + was/were +v3 +by +sub |
| Sub +did +not +v1 +obj | Obj + was/were +not +v3 +by +sub |
| Did +sub +v1 +obj? | was/were +obj +v3 +by +sub? |
| Did +sub +not +v1 +obj? | was/were +obj +not +v3 +by +sub? |
Exapmles:-
| Active voice | Passive voice |
| ਚਪੜਾਸੀ ਨੇ ਘੰਟੀ ਵਜਾਈ।
The peon rang the bell. |
The bell was rung by the peon. |
| ਚਪੜਾਸੀ ਨੇ ਘੰਟੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਵਜਾਈ।
The peon did not ring the bell. |
The bell was not rung by the peon. |
| ਕੀ ਚਪੜਾਸੀ ਨੇ ਘੰਟੀ ਵਜਾਈ?
Did the peon ring the bell? |
Was the bell rung by the peon? |
| ਕੀ ਚਪੜਾਸੀ ਨੇ ਘੰਟੀ ਵਜਾਈ?
Did the peon not ring the bell? |
Was the bell not rung by the peon? |
5. Past Continuous Voice
Rules in active/passive voice
| Active voice | Passive voice |
| Sub + was/were +v1 +ing +obj. | Obj + was/were +being +v3 +by +sub |
| Sub + was/were +not +v1 +ing +obj. | Obj + was/were +not +being +v3 +by +sub |
| was/were +Sub +v1 +ing +obj? | was/were +obj +being +v3 +by +sub? |
| was/were +Sub +not +v1 +ing +obj? | was/were +obj +not+being +v3 +by +sub? |
Examples:-
| Active voice | Passive voice |
| ਉਹ ਚਾਹ ਪੀ ਰਹੇ ਸੀ।
They were taking a tea. |
A tea was being taken by them. |
| ਉਹ ਚਾਹ ਪੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਰਹੇ ਸੀ।
They were not taking a tea. |
A tea was not being taken by them. |
| ਕੀ ਉਹ ਚਾਹ ਪੀ ਰਹੇ ਸੀ?
Were they taking a tea? |
Was a tea being taken by them? |
| ਕੀ ਉਹ ਚਾਹ ਪੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਰਹੇ ਸੀ?
Were then not taking a tea? |
Was a tea not being taken by them? |
6. Past Perfect Voice
Rules in active/passive voice
| Active voice | Passive voice |
| Sub +had +v3 +obj | Obj +had +been +v3 +by +sub |
| Sub +had +not +v3 +obj | Obj +had +not +been +v3 +by +sub |
| Had +sub +v3 +obj? | Had +obj +been +v3 +by +sub? |
| Had +sub +not +v3 +obj? | Had +obj +not +been +v3 +by +sub? |
Exapmles:-
| Active voice | Passive voice |
| ਬੱਚੇ ਰੌਲਾ ਪਾ ਚੁੱਕੇ ਸੀ।
The children had made a noise. |
A noise had been made by the children. |
| ਬੱਚੇ ਰੌਲਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਪਾ ਚੁੱਕੇ ਸੀ।
The children had not made a noise. |
A noise had not been made by the children. |
| ਕੀ ਬੱਚੇ ਰੌਲਾ ਪਾ ਚੁੱਕੇ ਸੀ?
Had the children made a noise? |
Had a noise been made by the children? |
| ਕੀ ਬੱਚੇ ਰੌਲਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਪਾ ਚੁੱਕੇ ਸੀ
Had the children not made a noise? |
Had a noise not been made by the children? |
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Regards
Er. Nachhattar Singh ( CEO, blogger, Youtuber, Motivational speaker)