Direct and indirect speech examples

Let start:- Direct and indirect speech examples

 

Present, Past and Future Tense (Narration)

ਜੇਕਰ reporting verb , past tense ਵਿਚ ਹੋਵੇ ਤਾ reported speech ਦਾ verb (ਕਿਰਿਆ) ਵੀ past tense ਵਿਚ ਬਦਲ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਜੇਕਰ reporting verb , past  tense  ਵਿਚ ਹੋਵੇ ਤਾਂ Indirect ਵਿਚ reported speech tense ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਬਦਲ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਜਿਵੇ :-

1. Present indefinite tense will change into past indefinite tense
2. Present continuous tense will change into past continuous tense
3. Present perfect tense will change into past perfect tense
4. Present perfect continuous tense will change into past perfect continuous tense

Some examples:-

1. Present indefinite tense will change into past indefinite tense

Direct	Indirect
Mamta Said, “Rahul goes to school.”	Mamta said/told that rahul went to school.
Washerman  said, “I do not wash the clothes.”	Washerman told that he did not wash the clothes.
Teacher said, “The children run the computer.”	Teacher told that the children ran the computer.
Radha said to me, “You listen a song.”	Radha told me that I listened a song.
He said, “I read a book.”	He said/told that he read a book.

 

2. Present continuous tense will change into past continuous tense

Direct	Indirect
Mamta Said, “Rahul is going to school.”	Mamta said/told that rahul was going to school.
Washerman  said, “I am not washing the clothes.”	Washerman told that he was not washing the clothes.
Teacher said, “The children are running the computer.”	Teacher told that the children were running the computer.
Radha said to me, “You are listening a song.”	Radha told me that I was listening a song.
He said, “I am reading a book.”	He said/told that he was reading a book.

 

3. Present perfect tense will change into past perfect tense

Direct	Indirect
Sohan Said, “I have gone to school.”	Sohan said/told that he had gone to school.
Peon said to me, “You have rung the bell.”	Peon told me that  I had rung the bell.

4. Present perfect continuous tense will change into past perfect continuous tense

Direct	Indirect
She Said, “I have been going to school.”	She said/told that she had been going to school.
Driver said, ” I have been driving a car for three hours.”	Driver said that he had been driving a car for three hours.

 

ਜੇਕਰ reporting verb , past tense ਵਿਚ ਹੋਵੇ ਅਤੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ reported speech ਵੀ past tense ਵਿਚ ਹੋਵੇ ਤਾਂ ਵਾਕ ਨੂੰ indirect ਬਣਾਉਂਦੇ ਸਮੇ reported speech ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਬਦਲਦੀ ਹੈ-

1. Past indefinite tense will change into past perfect tense
2. Past continuous tense will change into past perfect continuous tense
3. Past perfect and past perfect continuous will not change.

 

Some examples:-

1. Past indefinite tense will change into past perfect tense

Direct	Indirect
Sohan Said, “I went to school.”	Sohan said/told that he had gone to school.
Peon said to me, “You rang the bell.”	Peon told me that  I had rung the bell.

 

2.Past continuous tense will change into past perfect continuous tense

Direct	Indirect
She Said, “I was going to school.”	She said/told that she had been going to school.
Driver said, ” You were driving a car.”	Driver said that you had been driving a car.

 

ਜੇਕਰ reporting verb , past tense ਵਿਚ ਹੋਵੇ ਅਤੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ reported speech ਵੀ Future tense ਵਿਚ ਹੋਵੇ ਤਾਂ ਵਾਕ ਨੂੰ indirect ਬਣਾਉਂਦੇ ਸਮੇ reported speech ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਬਦਲਦੀ ਹੈ-

Will/shall Change into Would/Should

Direct	Indirect
She Said, “I will go to school.”	She said/told that she would go to school.
Driver said, ” You will drive a car.”	Driver said that you would drive a car.
Peon said to me, “You will have rung the bell.”	Peon told me that  I would have rung the bell.

ਜੇਕਰ reported speech ਵਿਚ ਕੋਈ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਸਚਾਈ (Universal Truth) ਹੋਵੇ , ਜਾਂ ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕ ਘਟਨਾ ਹੋਵੇ ਤਾਂ ਵਾਕ ਨੂੰ direct ਤੋਂ Indirect ਵਿਚ ਬਦਲਦੇ ਸਮੇ ਸਿਰਫ That  ਹੀ ਲਗਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

Direct	Indirect
The teacher said, “The earth revolves around the Sun.”	The teacher said that the earth revolves around the Sun.

 

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Regards

Er. Nachhattar Singh ( CEO, blogger, youtuber, Motivational speaker)

 

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